Qedarite Kingdom, Edom, Idumaea, Nabatean territory – the Negev desert (Al Naqab) constituted a communication hub during millennia, punctuated by stopover cities, and a relatively prosperous region on the Incense Route that led to Gaza, the main Mediterranean outlet. Diving into the roots of this southern territory also means bringing into light the contemporary realities of planned cities and unrecognized villages.

Places to see: Bir al Saba’ • Tell al Saba’ • Tell Arad • Lakiyeh carpets • Mamshit (Kunurb) • Ein Obdah (Avdat) • Subeita • Khalissa • Tell Jemmeh • unrecognized villages • Makhtesh Ramon • Timna copper mines • Red Sea